In November 2021, UNESCO released the Recommendation on Open Science, marking the global consensus on open science. The Recommendation puts forward the principles and connotations of open science, and calls on all countries to actively respond and actively implement it in the seven open action areas. China already developed some open science practices around 2021, and at the end of 2021, the revised “Law of the People’s Republic of China on Progress of Science and Technology” clearly stated “to promote the development of open science”.
In order to further respond to UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science, a correspondence table for China’s open science practice was established to clarify China’s action process. If a practice is not included, please feel free to contact us (openresources@mail.las.ac.cn)
UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science |
Correspondence | Open Science in China | |||
Open Action Areas | Specific Action Content | China Implementation Content | Practical cases | Implementation time | |
(i) Promoting a common understanding of open science, as well as diverse paths to open science | Ensuring that open science incorporates the values and principles as outlined in this Recommendation. | ✔ | 6 Policy adaptation to UNESCO | NSFC Project “Study on the Development Trend of Open Science and the Impact on Science Foundation Policy” | 2022 |
Chinese Academy of Sciences Consulting Project “Research on Global Trends and Impact of Open Science” | 2022
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Ensuring that publicly funded research is undertaken based on the principles of open science | ✔ | 6 Policy adaptation to UNESCO | Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institutional Repositories Grid | 2012
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National Science and Technology Report Service | 2013
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National Social Sciences Database | 2016
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NSFC-OR（Open Repository of National Natural Science Foundation of China, 国家自然科学基金基础研究知识库） | 2018
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Encouraging multilingualism in the practice of science and in academic communications. | ✔ | 2 Academic influence | |||
ChinaXiv, a platform for pre-publishing scientific papers of the Chinese Academy of Sciences | 2016
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2022
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Ensuring that the needs and rights of communities should not be infringed on in open science practices | ✔ | 6 Policy adaptation to UNESCO | 2004 | ||
Outline of the National Science Literacy Action Plan (2021-2035) | 2021
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Enhancing open science communication | ✔ | 7 Policy influence | 2014
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OA2020 WeChat official account | 2018
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Engaging the private sector in the discussion about open science | ✔ | 6 Policy adaptation to UNESCO | 2015
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ByteDance Data Center | 2017
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2017
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2017
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Enabling open multi-stakeholder discussions | ✔ | 6 Policy adaptation to UNESCO | 2012
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2021
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2021
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2021
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The Ministry of Science and Technology prepares to establish a preprint platform alliance | 2022
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(ii) Developing an enabling policy environment for open science | Developing effective institutional and national open science policies and legal frameworks | ✔ | 6 Policy adaptation to UNESCO | NSFC committee’s policy statement on open access to research publications from its funded projects | 2014
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CAS’s policy statement on open access to articles from publicly funded scientific research projects | 2014
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2014
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2014
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“Implementation Rules for the NSFC Committee’s Open Access Policy for Open Repository” | 2017
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Law of the People’s Republic of China on Progress of Science and Technology | 2021 | ||||
Aligning open science policies, strategies and actions from local to international levels | ✔ | 7 Policy influence | 2018 | ||
CCOS/CAST(中国科协联合国咨商开放科学与全球伙伴专委会) | 2022 | ||||
Encourage research institutions to implement open science policies and strategies | ✔ | 7 Policy influence | 2019
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2019
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National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences formulated preprint policies | 2022
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More than 50 Chinese sci-tech journals launched preprint policies | 2022
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Encouraging stakeholders to coordinate open science practice | ✔ | 6 Policy adaptation to UNESCO | 2014
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Seminar on Open Resource Construction of Chinese Academy of Sciences | 2015
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“Blue Book on China’s Scientific Journal Development (2021) “ | 2021
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Enhancing the inclusion of citizen and participatory science in open science policies and practices | ✔ | 6 Policy adaptation to UNESCO | 1999
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The “Bird Monitoring Project” initiated by the China Bird Report Center | 2002
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2005
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2007
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2015
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Designing models that allow co-production of knowledge and establishing guidelines | 7 Policy influence | ||||
Encouraging responsible evaluation and assessment practices | ✔ | 7 Policy influence | 2021
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2020
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Fostering equitable public-private partnerships for open science | 6 Policy adaptation to UNESCO | 2014
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Designing, implementing and monitoring funding and investment policies and strategies for science | 6 Policy adaptation to UNESCO | ||||
Mainstreaming gender equality aspects into open sciences policies | 6 Policy adaptation to UNESCO | ||||
(iii) Investing in open science infrastructures and services | Contributing at least 1% of national gross domestic product (GDP) dedicated to research and development expenditure. | ✔ | 6 Policy adaptation to UNESCO | 2022
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1 Academic output | The output of academic papers has reached 20% of the world’s total. | 2021
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Reliable Internet connectivity and bandwidth for use | ✔ | 7 Policy influence | 2021
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Encouraging regional and international collaboration between national research and education networks services. | ✔ | 6 Policy adaptation to UNESCO | STI Forum 2022 Side Event: Open Science Promtoed Quality Graduate Education in Global South | 2022
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Non-commercial infrastructures should facilitate ensuring the long-term preservation and stewardship of research products | ✔ | 5 Data platform | National Scientific Data Sharing Project | 1994
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2002
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2004
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“2004-2010 National Science and Technology Basic Conditions Platform Construction Outline” | 2004
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National long-term preservation system of digital scientific and technological literature resources | 2007
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2012
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2014
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NSFC-OR（Open Repository of National Natural Science Foundation of China, 国家自然科学基金基础研究知识库） | 2015
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Open Science Research Knowledge Cloud | 2017
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Enhancing the federation of information technology infrastructure for open science with international interconnectivity | ✔ | 5 Data platform | 2019
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Global Open Science Cloud | 2019
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Global Catalogue of Microorganisms | |||||
Concluding community agreements on a global scale | ✔ | 6 Policy adaptation to UNESCO | China-Africa, China-ASEAN, China-South Asia, China-Latin America, China-Arab, China-SCO, China-CEEC Science and Technology Partnership Programs | ||
The Ministry of Science and Technology of China has established the “Program for Outstanding Young Scientists from Developing Countries to Work in China” and the “Intergovernmental Exchange Program with Developing Countries”. The Chinese Academy of Sciences implements the Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative (PIFI) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences Special Exchange Program | |||||
Presided over “International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor Program (ITER)“, “Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP)“, “Fourth Generation Nuclear Energy System“, “Renewable Energy and New Energy International Cooperation Program“ and “Chinese Medicine International Science and Technology Cooperation Program“ and other international scientific engineering and research programs. | |||||
Participated in big scientific programs and projects such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor Program (ITER), the Group on Earth Observations (GEO), the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) and the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) | |||||
2013
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2016
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Confederation of China Academic Institutional Repository (CHAIR) | 2016
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China Institutional Repository Alliance | 2016
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19 university libraries and research libraries in China signed a letter of intent for the OA2020 initiative, clearly expressing their support for the OA2020 initiative proposed by the international scientific and technological community and the Open Access Plan S jointly proposed by funding agencies from 11 European countries | 2021
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Beijing International Science and Technology Innovation Center | 2021
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Shanghai International Science and Technology Innovation Center | 2021
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Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Technology Innovation Center | 2021
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Developing joint strategies for shared, multinational, regional and national open science platforms | ✔ | 6 Policy adaptation to UNESCO | 2022
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Automating the process of searching and analysing linked publications and data | ✔ | 5 Data platform | 2014
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Building platforms for exchanges and co-creation of knowledge | ✔ | 5 Data platform | 2003 | ||
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institutional Repositories Grid (CAS IR GRID) | 2012
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Scientific Data Bank (ScienceDB) | 2015
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Sharing service platform of CAS large research infrastructure | 2016
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2018
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2019
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2019
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2022
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2022
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National high-end exchange platform | 2022
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Building community-based monitoring and information systems | ✔ | 6 Policy adaptation to UNESCO | Global OA Journal APC Reasonableness Monitoring Tool APCheck | 2018
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Funding for the necessary costs associated with transformation towards and maintaining open science practices | ✔ | 6 Policy adaptation to UNESCO | 2013
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2014
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Open Conversion Protocol for OUP Database of Chinese Academy of Sciences | 2019
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ACM Open Conversion Protocol of Tsinghua University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Chinese Academy of Sciences | 2021
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(iv) Investing in human resources, training, education, digital literacy and capacity building for open science | Providing systematic and continuous capacity building on open science | ✔ | 6 Policy adaptation to UNESCO | 2012 | |
2013
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China Data Librarian Training Course Series | 2014
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Seminar on Open Resource Construction of Chinese Academy of Sciences | 2015
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2016
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OA training for scientific research institutions and universities nationwide by the Documentation and Information Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences | 2018
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2020
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Agreeing on a framework of open science competencies and developing training programmes | ✔ | 6 Policy adaptation to UNESCO | Open Source Construction Guide | 2013
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CAS Open Science Training Course | 2022
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Investing in and promoting advanced education and the professionalization of roles in data science and data stewardship | ✔ | 7 Policy influence | 2010
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2008
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Tsinghua University launched the master’s program in big data in 2014 and started recruiting graduate students in September 2014. | 2014
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From 2017 to 2018, a total of 283 colleges and universities in China offered the major of “Data Science and Big Data”. | 2017
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Promoting the use of open educational resources (OER) as an instrument for open science capacity building | ✔ | 7 Policy influence | 2022
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Supporting science communication accompanying open science practices | ✔ | 7 Policy influence | WeChat official account of brain intelligence frontier science | ||
COSN | |||||
(v) Fostering a culture of open science and aligning incentives for open science | Recognize researchers for sharing, collaborating and engaging with other researchers and society | 7 Policy influence | |||
Reviewing research assessment and career evaluation systems in order to align them with the principles of open science | 7 Policy influence | ||||
Promoting the development and implementation of evaluation and assessment systems | ✔ | 7 Policy influence | 2021 | ||
Ensuring that the practice of open science is taken into account as a recruitment and promotion criterion | 7 Policy influence | ||||
Encouraging stakeholders to adopt policies that require and reward open access to scientific knowledge | ✔ | 7 Policy influence | 2013
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Ensuring diversity in scholarly communications | ✔ | 2 Academic influence | ChinaXiv, a platform for pre-publishing scientific papers of the Chinese Academy of Sciences | 2016
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Chinese Academy of Sciences National High-end Exchange Platform | 2022
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4 National journals | More than 1000 scientific journals entered the Scopus database | 2022
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2022
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Enforcing effective governance measures and proper legislation | ✔ | 7 Policy influence | 2011
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Promoting materials that are in the public domain and existing open licensing schemes | ✔ | 6 Policy adaptation to UNESCO | 2016
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Promote high-quality and responsible research | ✔ | 7 Policy influence | “The Action Outline for Promoting the Development of Big Data” | 2015
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2014
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(vi) Promoting innovative approaches for open science at different stages of the scientific process | Extending the principles of openness in all stages of the scientific process | ✔ | 7 Policy influence | 2014
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Promoting, as appropriate, open peer review evaluation practices | ✔ | 2 Academic influence | “China Scientific Data (Chinese and English Online Version) “ | 2015
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ChinaXiv, a platform for pre-publishing scientific papers of the Chinese Academy of Sciences | 2016
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Encouraging and valuing publication and sharing of negative scientific results | 1 Academic output | ||||
Developing new participatory methods and validation techniques | ✔ | 1 Academic output | Preparing for the establishment of a pre-registration reporting system in the field of psychology in China | 2022
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Developing participatory strategies for identifying the needs of marginalized communities | 6 Policy adaptation to UNESCO | ||||
Developing strategies that facilitate the deposit of data in archives | ✔ | 5 Data platform | 2014
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Promoting the development of shared infrastructures for open source software and source code | ✔ | 3 Large-scale scientific instrument platform | 2018
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Supporting the accumulation and use of open data resources in a transdisciplinary mode | ✔ | 5 Data platform | |||
Encouraging sharing, promoting interoperability, and enhancing open access of infrastructures | ✔ | 3 Large-scale scientific instrument platform | “Big Earth Data Science Engineering Program” S&T Innovation Work | 2018
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Dozens of large scientific installations have been built | |||||
Promoting open innovation practices that connect the practices of open science to more rapid translation | 2 Academic influence | ||||
(vii) Promoting international and multi-stakeholder cooperation in the context of open science and with a view to reducing digital, technological and knowledge gaps | Encouraging international scientific collaborations | ✔ | 6 Policy adaptation to UNESCO | “Big Earth Data Science Engineering Program” S&T Innovation Work | 2018 |
Promoting and stimulating cross-border multi-stakeholder collaboration on open science | ✔ | 6 Policy adaptation to UNESCO | 2012
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Establishing regional and international collaboration mechanisms for promoting open science | ✔ | 6 Policy adaptation to UNESCO | 2014
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Supporting the creation and maintenance of effective collaborative networks | ✔ | 6 Policy adaptation to UNESCO | 2022
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Promoting international cooperation in capacity-building in open science | 6 Policy adaptation to UNESCO | ||||
Promoting international collaboration on metrics for open science | 6 Policy adaptation to UNESCO | ||||
Entrusted UNESCO to coordinate the development and adoption of a set of open science goals | ✔ | 7 Policy influence | 2021
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STI Forum 2022 Side Event: Open Science Promtoed Quality Graduate Education in Global South | 2022 | ||||